Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Insulin use in Diabetes Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Insulin remains a cornerstone in the management of diabetes, yet its timely initiation and optimal use remain suboptimal in many primary care settings. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of healthcare professionals (HCPs) is essential to address barriers to its effective use.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals regarding insulin use in diabetes management and to identify perceived barriers to its optimal utilization.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2025 involving 124 healthcare professionals mainly family physicians managing patients with diabetes after approval (SGHQ/783). Demographic data, professional experience, and responses to a structured KAP questionnaire were collected through Google Forms after obtaining informed consent for participation. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables.

Results: A total of 124 healthcare professionals (HCPs) participated (around 60% male, age range 30–65 years), with a mean clinical experience of 12 years. Although 55% had no formal training on insulin, most showed adequate theoretical knowledge. Only 33% (n = 41) actively prescribed insulin, and confidence in titration was low. Major barriers to insulin use included time constraints (64.5%), fear of hypoglycemia (64%), cost/access issues (63%), patient resistance (56%), lack of training/confidence (52%), and inadequate follow-up systems (43%). Most respondents (75.8%) believed additional training would improve their confidence. Suggestions for improvement included hands-on workshops, simplified guidelines, improved follow-up support, and patient education programs.

Conclusion: The study highlights significant gaps in insulin-related knowledge and practices among healthcare professionals, despite the widespread diabetes burden. Targeted educational programs, clinical decision support tools, and strategies to improve patient acceptance may enhance insulin prescribing confidence and improve diabetes outcomes.